If you’ve spent decades saving for retirement, your IRA and 401(k) balances may feel like a financial safety net. Watching these accounts grow can be reassuring. But without careful planning, even healthy retirement savings can turn into a ticking tax bomb.
That’s because once you turn 73(1), the IRS mandates withdrawals from these retirement accounts. If you have a six- or seven-figure balance, these required minimum distributions (RMDs) can have a significant impact on your annual tax bill.
Here’s why this tax bomb matters, and what you can do to neutralize it before it’s too late.
What makes RMDs so frustrating is that they force you to reverse decades of good financial habits. After an entire career of saving, investing, and deferring taxes, it can be difficult to switch gears and start selling assets, making withdrawals, and triggering tax liabilities.
Failing to set up an RMD plan can be costly, especially if your retirement account grows significantly.
RMDs are calculated based on your age and your account balance as of December 31 of the previous year. According to Fidelity, the IRS uses a life expectancy factor to determine the amount you must withdraw in a year(2).
For example, if your account balance was $100,000 one year before age 73, the IRS uses a life expectancy factor of 26.5. This results in approximately $3,773.60 needing to be withdrawn. With a balance of $500,000, the RMD jumps to approximately $18,867.90.
Higher balances trigger larger withdrawals, which can easily push you into a higher tax bracket. This additional income, combined with other sources, can increase taxes on Social Security benefits or increase Medicare premiums through an income-related monthly adjustment amount (3).
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If you fail to withdraw the required amount by the deadline, the penalties are severe. The IRS can charge 25% of the amount you should withdraw. Many investment platforms now offer tools to automate RMDs, helping retirees avoid missed deadlines and complex calculations (4).